The role of Common Pool natural Resources (CPRs) such as forests, grasslands, rivers, lakes, wetlands and oceans in rural economies has been much debated in the literature, often on the basis of micro-level or provincial-scale analyses and focusing on a single type of CPR, typically forests. This study draws on data from 6,509 households across fifteen regions in nine low and middle-income countries covering Africa, Asia, and Latin America that also cover a diverse set of CPRs, including forests, savannas, grasslands, mangroves and inland and marine fisheries. We estimate the contribution of CPR-based income to total household income and vis-a-vis the poverty line across income classes, and analyse the correlates of CPR-based income and the relationship between CPR income and income inequality within rural settlements.