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Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Land Snail Genus Cyclophorus Montfort, 1810 (Caenogastropoda: Cyclophoridae) Reveal the Evolutionary History of Indian Taxa

Nipu Kumar Das, Surya Narayanan, Yamuna Cholayil Gopi, Neelavar Ananthram Aravind

Journal of Biogeography
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27 May 2026

Cyclophorus Montfort, 1810 is a widespread genus of operculate land snails distributed across South and Southeast Asia, with its westernmost limit in the Western Ghats of India. Despite its broad distribution, the evolutionary origin of the genus and the biogeographic history of Indian taxa remain unresolved due to the absence of molecular data from India. Here, we test whether the Indian Cyclophorus fauna represents an ‘Into India’ dispersal scenario and investigate its diversification history.

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