Anuja Malhotra, Sanjana Nair, Sangita Ganesh, Abi Tamim Vanak

Economic and Political Weekly | October 24, 2025

Identifying 20 schemes with at least one component related to land restoration under the Union Budget 2023, it was found that allocations by ministries have stayed roughly the same or decreased for restoration-related schemes since 2016–17, with underspending being limited to particular schemes.