We monitor biodiversity changes in the 1-ha permanent plots in the wet and dry forests of the Western Ghats in response to human use of forests and climate change. The growth, recruitment and mortality of trees of these forests are acclaimed to be good indicators to monitor the impacts of human use and climate change globally. Especially the impacts of carbon release and anthropogenic sources of temperature increase have induced the phenological patterns and changes in the structure of tree species. Permanent plots have been established in wet evergreen forests of Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve to monitor the changes in the structure of a forest dominated by endemic species. The plots established in the dry forests of Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Tiger Reserve are to monitor the impacts of human interaction with the forests in the form of harvesting NTFPs, forest fire and invasive species. The monitored plots could provide valuable data to understand the interaction between the plants and several other factors.